… ekok\u0131r\u0131ma uzanan yol<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekok\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda kabul edilen ortak bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmasa da baz\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular ekok\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnya ekosistemi veya k\u00fcresel m\u00fc\u015fterekler \u00fczerinde ciddi ve daimi de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7an geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 zarar ve tahribat\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
2019\u2019un Aral\u0131k ay\u0131nda Lahey\u2019de d\u00fczenlenen Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) Taraf Devletler Kurulu, Pasifik Ada Devleti olan Vanuatu\u2019nun giri\u015fimiyle yeni bir tart\u0131\u015fmaya ev sahipli\u011fi yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131: Ekok\u0131r\u0131m, yani do\u011fay\u0131 katletmek uluslararas\u0131 bir su\u00e7 olmal\u0131 m\u0131?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vanuatu, G\u00fcney Pasifik\u2019te k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir ada devleti ve deniz sular\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesi nedeniyle yak\u0131n zamanda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi olas\u0131 bir tehlikeyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya. \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n herhangi bir yerinde fosil yak\u0131t kullan\u0131m\u0131 gibi bu s\u00fcreci h\u0131zland\u0131ran eylemler, Vanuatu i\u00e7in varolu\u015fsal bir kriz yarat\u0131yor. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu nedenle, yarg\u0131 yetkisi soyk\u0131r\u0131m, sava\u015f su\u00e7u gibi a\u011f\u0131r su\u00e7larla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan UCM\u2019nin kapsam\u0131na ekok\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unu dahil etmek bir varl\u0131k yokluk meselesi Vanuatu ve benzer durumdaki \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00fcrnberg Mahkemesi salonu<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekok\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7u, UCM toplant\u0131lar\u0131nda g\u00fcndeme gelmesine ra\u011fmen, hen\u00fcz resmi bir tasar\u0131 metni olarak sunulmu\u015f de\u011fil. Ancak konuyla ilgili uluslararas\u0131 alanda \u00fcmit verici geli\u015fmeler var. Ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda \u201cEkok\u0131r\u0131ma Son Vakf\u0131\u201d (Stop Ecocide Foundation) taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan bir giri\u015fimle ekok\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unun tan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 yapmak \u00fczere uluslararas\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ulardan olu\u015fan bir heyet kuruldu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Heyet, taslak tan\u0131m\u0131 2021\u2019in ilk aylar\u0131nda haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 planl\u0131yor. Heyetin kurulu\u015funun kamuoyuna a\u00e7\u0131klanma zaman\u0131 ve mekan\u0131 olduk\u00e7a etkileyiciydi. Nazi yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 N\u00fcrnberg 600 Nolu Tarihi Mahkeme Salonu\u2019nda ve N\u00fcrnberg yarg\u0131lamalar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n 75. y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan 20 Kas\u0131m\u2019da ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir etkinlikle, ekok\u0131r\u0131m su\u00e7unun tan\u0131m\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 duyuruldu. \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 su\u00e7lar ve soyk\u0131r\u0131m kelimelerinin ilk kez bu mahkeme salonunda kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekok\u0131r\u0131m nedir?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Heyette UCM eski yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131, \u00e7evre alan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan avukatlar, farkl\u0131 \u00fclkelerden insan haklar\u0131 uzman\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular var. Bu y\u0131l 14-18 Aral\u0131k tarihleri aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecek UCM 19. Taraf Devletler Kurulu\u2019nun haz\u0131rl\u0131k toplant\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri \u201cEkok\u0131r\u0131m\u201d \u00fczerineydi ve heyet \u00fcyeleri taraf\u0131ndan ba\u015flat\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak konu\u015fuldu. Ekok\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n uluslararas\u0131 alanda kabul edilen ortak bir tan\u0131m\u0131 olmasa da baz\u0131 hukuk\u00e7ular ekok\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 \u201cD\u00fcnya ekosistemi veya k\u00fcresel m\u00fc\u015fterekler \u00fczerinde ciddi ve daimi de\u011fi\u015fime yol a\u00e7an geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 zarar ve tahribat\u201d olarak tan\u0131ml\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n